A new study claims that Tibetans adapted to living at high altitudes in less than 3,000 years, the fastest genetic change ever observed in humans. According to the study, the Tibetans and the Han Chinese split into two separate populations about 2,750 years ago. By comparing the genomes of members of both ethnic groups, researchers were able to identify more than 30 genes with DNA mutations that have become more prevalent in Tibetans than Han Chinese. Nearly half of these mutations are related to how the body uses oxygen, which is present in much lower levels at high altitudes. Discuss